All countries on this earth need a certain system to run the economy and overcome its obstacles. This way is called the economic system. The economic system is a way that is taken in order to regulate and organize all economic activities, both the state or government household economy, as well as community or private households.
Basically, the economic activities in question include production, consumption and distribution activities carried out based on certain principles to achieve prosperity.
In the economic field, the economic system has several functions, viz
1. Stimulating the community to carry out production activities.
2. Provides a method for coordinating the activities of individuals in the economy.
3. Providing a certain mechanism so that production results can be distributed evenly.
Types of Economic Systems
Still launching the same learning module, in general the economic system is divided into four, namely:
1. Traditional economic
system,
2. Command/centralized
system,
3. Market economic system/
liberal,
4. Mixed economic system.
Semua negara di muka bumi ini membutuhkan sistem tertentu untuk menjalankan perekonomian dan mengatasi hambatannya. Cara ini disebut sistem ekonomi. Sistem ekonomi adalah suatu cara yang ditempuh dalam rangka mengatur dan menata semua kegiatan ekonomi, baik ekonomi rumah tangga negara atau pemerintah, maupun rumah tangga masyarakat atau swasta.
Pada dasarnya kegiatan ekonomi yang dimaksud meliputi kegiatan produksi, konsumsi, dan distribusi yang dilakukan berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip tertentu untuk mencapai kemakmuran.
Dalam bidang ekonomi, sistem ekonomi memiliki beberapa fungsi, yaitu
1. Mendorong masyarakat untuk melakukan kegiatan produksi.
2. Menyediakan metode untuk mengoordinasikan aktivitas individu dalam perekonomian.
3. Menyediakan mekanisme tertentu agar hasil produksi dapat terdistribusi secara merata.
Jenis Sistem Ekonomi
Masih meluncurkan modul pembelajaran yang sama, secara umum sistem ekonomi terbagi menjadi empat, yaitu:
1.Sistem ekonomi tradisional,
2.Sistem komando/terpusat,
3.Sistem ekonomi pasar/
liberal,
4.Sistem ekonomi campuran.
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Learning history about Russia at the end of 1991
The impact of the cold war against America and its allies in the Western bloc in the prolonged global ideological and political struggle, the Soviet Union suffered economic and political defeats both at home and abroad.
In anticipation of catching up, the President of the Soviet Union at that time, Mikhail Gorbachev, proposed restructuring the country through the Perestroika and Glasnost policies, on March 6, 1986. This policy received a warm welcome from the people, but was criticized by orthodox groups who considered its actions too extreme.
Perestroika is political and economic reform. Perestroika means "restructuring", referring to the restructuring of the Soviet economy. Perestroika is often seen as the result of the fall of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, ending the Cold War.
Glasnost was openness in all areas of the Soviet Union's government institutions, including freedom of information. The word “glasnost” was first used in Russia in the late 1850s, also designating a historical period that describes freedom of information during the 1980s.
Gorbachev's desire to build his country turned out to be a boomerang. As a result of this openness, the great Soviet state lost control of the media. The Press Media is free to reveal various corruptions of the government, including corruption and abuse of authority.
This freedom and openness also made the people of the Soviet Union more courageous in voicing their dissatisfaction with the deplorable conditions at home. The situation was getting worse due to more inter-ethnic strife. Ultimately, the restructuring effort sparked a split in the Soviet Union, leading to its formal dissolution on December 26, 1991.
Dampak perang dingin terhadap Amerika dan sekutunya di blok Barat dalam perjuangan ideologi dan politik global yang berkepanjangan, Uni Soviet mengalami kekalahan ekonomi dan politik baik di dalam maupun di luar negeri.
Untuk mengantisipasi ketertinggalan, Presiden Uni Soviet saat itu, Mikhail Gorbachev, mengusulkan restrukturisasi negara melalui kebijakan Perestroika dan Glasnost, pada 6 Maret 1986. Kebijakan ini mendapat sambutan hangat dari masyarakat, namun dikritik oleh kelompok ortodoks yang menganggap tindakannya terlalu ekstrem.
Perestroika adalah reformasi politik dan ekonomi. Perestroika berarti "restrukturisasi", mengacu pada restrukturisasi ekonomi Soviet. Perestroika sering dilihat sebagai akibat jatuhnya politik saat itu di Uni Soviet dan Eropa Timur, mengakhiri Perang Dingin.
Glasnost adalah keterbukaan di semua bidang institusi pemerintahan Uni Soviet, termasuk kebebasan informasi. Kata "glasnost" pertama kali digunakan di Rusia pada akhir tahun 1850-an, juga menunjukkan periode sejarah yang menggambarkan kebebasan informasi selama tahun 1980-an.
Keinginan Gorbachev untuk membangun negaranya ternyata menjadi bumerang. Akibat keterbukaan ini, negara besar Soviet kehilangan kendali atas media. Media Pers bebas mengungkap berbagai korupsi pemerintahan, termasuk korupsi dan penyalahgunaan wewenang.
Kebebasan dan keterbukaan ini juga membuat rakyat Uni Soviet lebih berani menyuarakan ketidakpuasannya terhadap kondisi yang memprihatinkan di dalam negeri. Situasi semakin buruk karena perselisihan antaretnis yang lebih banyak. Pada akhirnya, upaya restrukturisasi memicu perpecahan di Uni Soviet, yang menyebabkan pembubaran resminya pada 26 Desember 1991.
Foresight
Foresight as an approach to understanding the possibilities that will occur in the future.
"Strategic Foresight is not meant to offer definite answers about what will happen in the future. Foresight understands the future as a kind of symptom that arises and is only partially visible in the present, and not a predetermined destiny that can be fully known".
Foresight's goal is to broaden and reconstruct the range of plausible developments that need to be considered.
"By studying Foresight we can analyze, understand, anticipate, and manage problems that will arise in the future."
Foresight sebagai pendekatan untuk memahami kemungkinan-kemungkinan yang akan terjadi di masa depan.
“Strategic Foresight tidak dimaksudkan untuk memberikan jawaban pasti tentang apa yang akan terjadi di masa depan. Foresight memahami masa depan sebagai semacam gejala yang muncul dan hanya terlihat sebagian di masa sekarang, dan bukan takdir yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya yang dapat diketahui sepenuhnya”.
Tujuan Foresight adalah untuk memperluas dan merekonstruksi berbagai perkembangan yang masuk akal yang perlu dipertimbangkan.
“Dengan mempelajari Foresight kita dapat menganalisis, memahami, mengantisipasi, dan mengelola masalah yang akan muncul di masa depan.”
Dementia
Dementia is a disease that causes a decrease in memory and thinking. This condition has an impact on lifestyle, social skills, and daily activities of sufferers.
The most common types of dementia are Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Alzheimer's is a type of dementia associated with genetic changes and changes in proteins in the brain. Meanwhile, vascular dementia is a type of dementia due to disturbances in the blood vessels of the brain. Keep in mind, dementia is different from senility. Senile is a change in the ability to think and remember that is usually experienced with age.
Demensia adalah penyakit yang menyebabkan penurunan daya ingat dan berpikir. Kondisi ini berdampak pada gaya hidup, keterampilan sosial, dan aktivitas sehari-hari penderitanya.
Jenis demensia yang paling umum adalah penyakit Alzheimer dan demensia vaskular. Alzheimer adalah jenis demensia yang terkait dengan perubahan genetik dan perubahan protein di otak. Sementara itu, demensia vaskular merupakan jenis demensia akibat gangguan pada pembuluh darah otak. Perlu diingat, demensia berbeda dengan pikun. Pikun adalah perubahan kemampuan berpikir dan mengingat yang biasanya dialami seiring bertambahnya usia.
Dumping
Dumping politics is a country's policy of selling its products abroad at a much lower price than the selling price in the country itself. The purpose of this dumping is to dominate the market of the export target country.
According to many countries, this dumping policy is considered a form of price discrimination. Because, this dumping activity will involve a large volume of product exports which in turn can kill local producers as a result of prices that are much cheaper below normal prices.
Four types of dumping politics:
1. Persistent dumping.
2. Sporadic Dumping.
3.Predatory Dumping.
4. Reverse Dumping.
Dumping politics is a country's policy of selling its products abroad at a much lower price than the selling price in the country itself. The purpose of this dumping is to dominate the market of the export target country.
According to many countries, this dumping policy is considered a form of price discrimination. Because, this dumping activity will involve a large volume of product exports which in turn can kill local producers as a result of prices that are much cheaper below normal prices.
Four types of dumping politics:
1. Persistent dumping.
2. Sporadic Dumping.
3.Predatory Dumping.
4. Reverse Dumping
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